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THE SCIENCE

Circular's technology is backed by cutting-edge research in digital biomarkers.

Circular is currently involved in internal and external research projects backed by leading universities, clinics, and research organizations.

Our current methodology is based on doctors' recommendations who are experts in their field (cardiology, respiratory physicists, sleep specialists, etc.) and the contemporary literature. There are many scientific papers existing today that show how digital biomarkers are used as tools used by clinicians to carry out health remote monitoring efficiently, assist in behavioral improvement, predict immune system weakening, or perform mental health assessments.

Academic research papers highlighting how digital biomarkers and behaviors can be used as predictors for clinical assessments.

Evidence that biomarkers from wearables can be used to improve health outcomes:

- Multifactorial sleep disturbance in Klinefelter syndrome: a case report ‍
- Kim JW, Ryu B, Cho S, Heo E, Kim Y, Lee J, Jung SY, Yoo S. Impact of Personal Health Records and Wearables on Health Outcomes and Patient Response: Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2019 Jan 4;7(1):e12070. doi: 10.2196/12070. PMID: 30609978; PMCID: PMC6682299.

- Karapanos, E., Gouveia, R., Hassenzahl, M. et al. Wellbeing in the Making: Peoples’ Experiences with Wearable Activity Trackers. Psych Well-Being 6, 4 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-016-0042-6

- Huhn S, Axt M, Gunga HC, Maggioni MA, Munga S, Obor D, Sié A, Boudo V, Bunker A, Sauerborn R, Bärnighausen T, Barteit S. The Impact of Wearable Technologies in Health Research: Scoping Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2022 Jan 25;10(1):e34384. doi: 10.2196/34384. PMID: 35076409; PMCID: PMC8826148.

Evidence that sleep can be improved with wearables and is related to mood disorders and mental health:

- Berryhill S, Morton CJ, Dean A, Berryhill A, Provencio-Dean N, Patel SI, Estep L, Combs D, Mashaqi S, Gerald LB, Krishnan JA, Parthasarathy S. Effect of wearables on sleep in healthy individuals: a randomized crossover trial and validation study. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 May 15;16(5):775-783. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8356. Epub 2020 Feb 11. PMID: 32043961; PMCID: PMC7849816.

- Pardamean B, Soeparno H, Budiarto A, Mahesworo B, Baurley J. Quantified Self-Using Consumer Wearable Device: Predicting Physical and Mental Health. Healthc Inform Res. 2020 Apr;26(2):83-92. doi: 10.4258/hir.2020.26.2.83. Epub 2020 Apr 30. PMID: 32547805; PMCID: PMC7278513.

Evidence that physical activity can be improved with wearables and is related to improving health:
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- Ty Ferguson, BPhysio Hons, Prof Timothy Olds, PhD, Rachel Curtis, PhD, Henry Blake, BHlthSc Hons, Alyson J Crozier, PhD, Kylie Dankiw, MRes, Dorothea Dumuid, PhD, Daiki Kasai, MRsch, Edward O'Connor, BPsych Hons, Rosa Virgara, PhD, Prof Carol Maher, PhD. Effectiveness of wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(22)00111-X.

- Avishek Choudhury, Onur Asan, Impact of using wearable devices on psychological Distress: Analysis of the health information national Trends survey, International Journal of Medical Informatics, Volume 156, 2021,104612, ISSN 1386-5056, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104612.